Can Gender Equality Be Achieved Under a Military Government in Thailand?
Originally published in feministnhoi, with an intention to criticize the male-dominant regime of Thailand.
Over the years of political dissatisfaction under the junta government, there have been numerous protests against the lack of democratic legitimacy. A notable and exciting development has been the college student uprisings against the dictatorial government. This phenomenon is significant because it highlights the changing social dynamics among middle-class youth and signals a potential shift in the political landscape.
However, as a feminist comrade once said, “All fights are connected.” Our feminist movement needs to reflect on its direction and political stance. We must ask ourselves: Where are we heading? Should our movement take a stand against the military regime?
To answer these questions, we need to explore whether gender equality can truly be achieved under a military regime.
Under the military junta, we have seen some legal changes related to gender equality, such as the “Gender Equality Act B.E. 2558 (2015),” the “Civil Partnership Bill,” and recent advancements like the Constitutional Court’s recognition of abortion rights. While these laws mark progress, we must question whether the regime deserves full credit for these achievements. Acknowledging their contributions might overshadow the persistent efforts of those who fought for gender equality long before the coup.
Despite the introduction of these gender laws, achieving true gender equality remains elusive under the military regime. Here’s why:
Firstly, military rule is characterized by a rigid hierarchy of power. This hierarchical structure inherently lacks equality, even within the military itself. Reports of abuse and violence, such as those documented by Amnesty International, highlight that “equality does not exist” within this system.
Secondly, the military is predominantly male, with high-ranking officers often coming from male-only institutions like the Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School. The pervasive culture of masculinity within the military — exemplified by the concept of ‘Chai Chat Taharn,’ or the idea that a man should be as strong as a soldier — reflects and reinforces traditional gender norms. This masculine culture permeates the governance of the country under the junta.
To advance gender equality, we must challenge and dismantle these unjust structures. Our fight for gender equality cannot be separated from the broader struggle for political and economic equality. As our feminist movement progresses, it must confront and oppose the regime that upholds these inequitable systems.
In essence, our movement must demand not only gender equality but also political and economic reforms. Only by addressing these interconnected issues can we achieve true equality for all.
